Immunotherapies and Vaccines for Cancer and Infectious Diseases
| Product Code | IPR00009 |
| Publication Date | October 2008 |
| Publisher | Insight Pharma Reports |
| Product Type | Report |
| Pages | 390 |
| ISBN Number | not applicable |
Immunotherapies and Vaccines for Cancer and Infectious Diseases
The field of therapeutic vaccines and immunotherapies is rapidly emerging as a promising area. Use of passive immunotherapy (i.e., antibody) products, for prevention of infection or for treatment of many diseases, including cancer, is widespread. In addition, some nonspecific immunomodulators on the market are used to treat certain cancers.
However, there is considerable interest in the development of novel, active specific immunotherapies and therapeutic vaccines for cancer. No active specific immunotherapy products have yet reached the market in the United States, but we may be getting close. Progress is also being made in the development of therapeutic vaccines and immunotherapies for treatment of chronic infectious diseases.
Immunotherapies and Vaccines for Cancer and Infectious Diseases reviews current pharmacological options for 12 major cancers being targeted by companies developing cancer immunotherapies or vaccines. While a large number of drugs are available for these particular cancers, poor survival rates demonstrate there is a clear need for more effective treatments. We then include a discussion of currently available immunotherapies for chronic infections, and infectious disease vaccines that are on the market.
We consider strategies companies are using to develop cancer immunotherapies and vaccines, as well as different types of infectious disease vaccines, and highlight the R&D challenges for these sectors. A large number of smaller biopharmaceutical companies, and a more limited number of major pharmaceutical companies, are developing a wide range of different approaches to stimulate the immune system.
The many different product candidates that are in development for the 12 cancers targeted in this report are reviewed. In addition, we briefly touch upon the numerous vaccines and immunotherapies that are in development for other cancers.
In our section on infectious disease, we discuss novel prophylactic vaccines that are in development for prevention of a wide range of different diseases. We then focus on therapeutic vaccines and immunotherapies being developed for treatment of chronic infections.
Immunotherapies and Vaccines for Cancer and Infectious Diseases examines a number of business considerations and trends in the fields of infectious disease and cancer immunotherapies and vaccines. Interviews with nine experts in this area are provided, giving their perspectives on the progress being made, and the challenges and hurdles faced by researchers and companies working in this emerging field.
Contents
- Chapter 1
- Introduction
- 1.1. The Immune System
- 1.2. Scope of This Report
- Chapter 2
- Major Cancers and Infectious Diseases Targeted by New and/or Emerging Immunotherapies and Vaccines to Enhance The Immune System
- 2.1. Major Cancers Targeted by Immunotherapies and Vaccines
- Brain Cancer
- Breast Cancer
- Cervical Cancer
- Colorectal Cancer
- Leukemia
- Lung Cancer
- Non-small-Cell Lung Cancer
- Small-Cell Lung Cancer
- Lymphoma (Non-hodgkin's Lymphoma)
- Melanoma
- Ovarian Cancer
- Pancreatic Cancer
- Prostate Cancer
- Renal Cancer
- 2.2. Major Infectious Diseases Targeted by Emerging Immunotherapies and Vaccines
- Anthrax
- Campylobacter
- Cytomegalovirus
- Dengue
- Diphtheria
- Encephalitis
- Haemophilus Influenzae Type B
- Hepatitis B Virus
- Hepatitis C Virus
- Herpes Simplex Virus
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- Human Papillomavirus
- Influenza
- Malaria
- Meningococcal Disease; Neisseria Meningitidis
- Pertussis
- Pneumococcal Disease; Streptococcus Pneumoniae
- Polio (Poliomyelitis)
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus
- Tetanus
- Tuberculosis
- West Nile Virus
- Chapter 3
- Current Pharmacological Options for Treatment and Prevention of Cancer, and Immunotherapy/Vaccine Options for Treatment and Prevention of Infectious Diseases
- 3.1. Current Pharmacological Options for Treatment and Prevention of Cancer
- Brain Cancer
- Breast Cancer
- Chemotherapy
- Hormone Therapy
- Targeted Therapy: Her2-Positive Cancers
- Targeted Therapy: Vegf and Angiogenesis
- Cervical Cancer
- Colorectal Cancer
- Chemotherapy
- Targeted Therapy: Monoclonal Antibodies
- Leukemia
- Pharmacological Therapies (Chemotherapy and Others)
- Bone Marrow Transplants and Peripheral Stem Cell Transplants
- Lung Cancer
- Chemotherapy (Non-small-Cell Lung Cancer)
- Targeted Therapy: Kinase Inhibitors (Non-small-Cell Lung Cancer)
- Targeted Therapy: Monoclonal Antibodies (Non-small-Cell Lung Cancer)
- Photodynamic Therapy (Non-small-Cell Lung Cancer)
- Chemotherapy (Small-Cell Lung Cancer)
- Lymphoma (Non-hodgkin's Lymphoma)
- Chemotherapy
- Monoclonal Antibodies
- Other Immune-Based Therapies
- Other Targeted Therapies: Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor
- Melanoma
- Interferon
- Interleukin-2
- Chemotherapy
- Ovarian Cancer
- Pancreatic Cancer
- Chemotherapy
- Targeted Therapy: Inhibition of Egfr Tyrosine Kinase
- Prostate Cancer
- Luteinizing Hormone-releasing Hormone Agonists
- Antiandrogens
- Chemotherapy
- Renal Cancer
- Interferon
- Interleukin-2
- Targeted Therapy: Kinase Inhibitors
- 3.2. Current Infectious Disease Immunotherapies and Vaccines
- Passive Immunotherapy
- Immunotherapy for Treatment of Chronic Infections
- Infectious Disease Vaccines
- 3.3. Medical and Market Needs; R&d Challenges
- Cancer Immunotherapies and Vaccines
- Infectious Disease Immunotherapies and Vaccines
- Chapter 4
- Examples of Current and Emerging Approaches to Enhance The Immune System for Prevention and Treatment of Disease
- 4.1. New Approaches for Cancer Immunotherapy and Vaccines
- Nonspecific Active Immunotherapy (Immune-Modulating Agents)
- Antigen Immunotherapies/Vaccines (Allogeneic)
- Autologous Antigen Immunotherapies/Vaccines
- Allogeneic Whole-Tumor-Cell Immunotherapies/Vaccines
- Autologous Whole-Tumor-Cell Immunotherapies/Vaccines
- Dendritic Cell Immunotherapies/Vaccines
- DNA and Viral Vector Vaccines
- 4.2. Infectious Disease Vaccines
- Types of Vaccines
- Adjuvants
- Chapter 5
- Cancer Immunotherapies and Vaccines in Development
- 5.1. Brain Cancer
- Advantagene
- Antisense Pharma
- Celldex Therapeutics
- Merck Serono
- Northwest Biotherapeutics
- 5.2. Breast Cancer
- Antigen Express (Subsidiary of Generex Biotechnology)
- Apthera
- Celldex Therapeutics
- Introgen Therapeutics
- Peregrine Pharmaceuticals
- 5.3. Cervical Cancer
- 5.4. Colorectal Cancer
- Celldex Therapeutics
- Genvec
- Immatics Biotechnologies
- Oxford Biomedica and Sanofi-Aventis
- Vaccinogen
- 5.5. Leukemia
- Argos Therapeutics
- Cell Genesys
- Geron
- The Vaccine Company
- 5.6. Lung Cancer
- Agennix
- Avax Technologies
- Glaxosmithkline
- Globeimmune
- Idm Pharma
- Introgen Therapeutics
- Merck Serono and Oncothyreon
- Merck Serono
- Novarx
- Peregrine Pharmaceuticals
- Pfizer
- Pharmexa
- Transgene
- Vaxon Biotech
- 5.7. Lymphoma (Non-hodgkin's Lymphoma)
- Biovest International
- Transgene
- 5.8. Melanoma
- Antigenics
- Avax Technologies
- Biovex
- Genvec
- Glaxosmithkline
- Medarex and Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Merck Serono
- Oxford Biomedica
- Sanofi Pasteur
- Sciclone Pharmaceuticals and Sigma-Tau
- Vical
- Zymogenetics
- 5.9. Ovarian Cancer
- Avax Technologies
- Menarini Group
- 5.10. Pancreatic Cancer
- Celldex Therapeutics
- Cell Genesys
- Genvec
- Globeimmune
- Lorus Therapeutics and Zor Pharmaceuticals
- Pharmexa
- 5.11. Prostate Cancer
- Advantagene
- Bavarian Nordic
- Cell Genesys
- Dendreon
- Northwest Biotherapeutics
- Onyvax
- Oxford Biomedica and Sanofi-Aventis
- 5.12. Renal Cancer
- Active Biotech
- Agennix
- Antigenics
- Argos Therapeutics
- Endocyte
- Idera Pharmaceuticals and Merck Serono
- Immatics Biotechnologies
- Liponova
- Oxford Biomedica and Sanofi-Aventis
- Zymogenetics
- 5.13. Immunotherapies and Vaccines in Development for Other or Nonspecified Cancer Indications
- Chapter 6
- Immunotherapies and Vaccines in Development for Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases
- 6.1. Anthrax and Other Biodefense Vaccines
- 6.2. Campylobacter and/or Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli (Traveler's Diarrhea)
- Ace Biosciences
- Intercell
- 6.3. Cytomegalovirus
- Vical
- 6.4. Dengue
- Glaxosmith Kline
- Sanofi Pasteur
- 6.5. Encephalitis
- Novartis and Intercell
- Sanofi Pasteur
- 6.6. Hepatitis B
- Emergent Biosolutions
- Merck and Dynavax
- 6.7. Hepatitis C
- Globeimmune
- Hemispherx Biopharma
- Human Genome Sciences and Novartis
- Novartis Vaccines and Intercell
- Sciclone Pharmaceuticals
- 6.8. Herpes Simplex Virus
- Glaxosmithkline
- 6.9. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Hiv)
- Argos Therapeutics
- Bionor Immuno
- Genvec
- Hemispherx Biopharma
- Sanofi Pasteur
- Targeted Genetics
- 6.10. Human Papillomavirus (Hpv)
- Glaxosmithkline
- Merck
- Mgi Pharma (Subsidiary of Eisai)
- Transgene and Roche
- 6.11. Influenza
- Baxter Vaccines
- Csl Biotherapies
- Glaxosmithkline
- Novartis Vaccines
- Protein Sciences Corporation
- Sanofi Pasteur
- 6.12. Malaria
- Glaxosmithkline
- 6.13. Meningococcal Disease; Neisseria Meningitidis
- Glaxosmithkline
- Novartis
- 6.14. Pneumococcal Disease; Streptococcus Pneumoniae
- Glaxosmithkline
- Wyeth
- 6.15. Respiratory Syncytial Virus
- 6.16. Tuberculosis
- Emergent Biosolutions
- Glaxosmithkline
- 6.17. West Nile Virus
- Sanofi Pasteur
- 6.18. Emerging Combination Vaccines
- 6.19. Other Emerging Infectious Disease Vaccines
- Chapter 7
- Selected Business Considerations: Immunotherapies and Vaccines That Enhance The Immune System
- 7.1. Companies in The Infectious Disease and Cancer Vaccines and Immunotherapies Fields
- 7.2. Diseases Targeted for Product Development
- Infectious Disease
- Cancer
- 7.3. Technical Issues and Challenges for Cancer and Infectious Disease Vaccines and Immunotherapies
- 7.4. Partners (Corporate and Noncorporate) and Acquisitions
- 7.5. Human Papillomavirus-infectious Disease Prophylactic Vaccine for Prevention of Cancer: Example of A Controversy with A New Vaccine
- Social Issues
- Safety Issues
- Chapter 8
- Expert Interviews
- Estuardo Aguilar-Cordova, Md, Founder & Chief Executive Officer, Advantagene, Inc., Waban, Ma
- David Apelian, Md, Phd, Mba, Vice President, Clinical Development and Regulatory Affairs, and Chief Medical Officer, Globeimmune, Louisville, Co
- Robert Coffin, Phd, Chief Technology Officer, Founder and Director, Biovex, Woburn, Ma
- Raafat E.F. Fahim, Phd, President and Chief Executive Officer, Nabi Pharmaceuticals, Rockville, Md
- Drew Hannaman, Vice President, Research and Development, Ichor Medical Systems, San Diego, Ca
- Kristen M. Hege, Md, Vice President, Clinical Research and Development, Cell Genesys, South San Francisco, Ca
- Frank Malinoski, Md, Phd, Senior Vice President, Medical and Scientific Affairs, Medimmune, Gaithersburg, Md
- Cynthia W. Tuthill, Phd, Senior Vice President, Scientific Affairs, & Chief Scientific Officer, Sciclone Pharmaceuticals, Foster City, Ca
- Sunny Uberoi, Vice President, Corporate Communications, Antigenics, New York, Ny
- References
- Company Index with Web Addresses
- Tables
- Table 2.1. Incidence and Prevalence of Selected Cancers in The United States, 2008
- Table 2.2. Five-Year Relative Survival Rates by Stage of Diagnosis (1996-2003) for Major Cancers Targeted by Immunotherapies and Cancer Vaccines
- Table 3.1. Selected Chemotherapy Drugs That Are Fda Approved for Treatment of Cancer
- Table 3.2. Selected Chemotherapy Drugs Approved by The Fda for Treatment of Brain Cancer
- Table 3.3. Selected Drugs Approved by The Fda for Treatment of Breast Cancer
- Table 3.4. Selected Drugs Approved by The Fda for Treatment of Cervical Cancer
- Table 3.5. Selected Drugs Approved by The Fda for Treatment of Colorectal Cancer
- Table 3.6. Selected Drugs Approved by The Fda for Treatment of Leukemia
- Table 3.7. Selected Drugs Approved by The Fda for Treatment of Lung Cancer (Including Nsclc and Sclc)
- Table 3.8. Selected Drugs Approved by The Fda for Treatment of Non-hodgkin's Lymphoma
- Table 3.9. Selected Drugs Approved by The Fda for Treatment of Melanoma
- Table 3.10. Selected Drugs Approved by The Fda for Treatment of Ovarian Cancer
- Table 3.11. Selected Drugs Approved by The Fda for Treatment of Advanced or Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer
- Table 3.12. Selected Drugs Approved by The Fda for Treatment of Prostate Cancer
- Table 3.13. Selected Drugs Approved by The Fda for Treatment of Advanced or Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
- Table 3.14. Selected Passive Immunotherapies for Prevention of Infectious Disease Infection and Other Indications
- Table 3.15. Selected Active Immunotherapies Approved by The Fda for Treatment of Infectious Diseases
- Table 3.16. Fda-Licensed Infectious Disease Vaccines
- Table 5.1. Selected Cancer Immunotherapies and Vaccines in Clinical Trials for Treatment of Brain Cancer
- Table 5.2. Selected Cancer Immunotherapies and Vaccines in Clinical Trials for Treatment of Breast Cancer
- Table 5.3. Selected Cancer Immunotherapies and Vaccines in Clinical Trials for Treatment of Colorectal Cancer
- Table 5.4. Selected Cancer Immunotherapies and Vaccines in Clinical Trials for Treatment of Leukemia
- Table 5.5. Selected Cancer Immunotherapies and Vaccines in Clinical Trials for Treatment of Lung Cancer
- Table 5.6. Selected Cancer Immunotherapies and Vaccines in Clinical Trials for Treatment of Lymphoma (Non-hodgkin's Lymphoma)
- Table 5.7. Selected Cancer Immunotherapies and Vaccines in Clinical Trials for Treatment of Melanoma
- Table 5.8. Selected Cancer Immunotherapies and Vaccines in Clinical Trials for Treatment of Ovarian Cancer
- Table 5.9. Selected Cancer Immunotherapies and Vaccines in Clinical Trials for Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer
- Table 5.10. Selected Cancer Immunotherapies and Vaccines in Clinical Trials for Treatment of Prostate Cancer
- Table 5.11. Selected Cancer Immunotherapies and Vaccines in Clinical Trials for Treatment of Renal Cancer
- Table 5.12. Selected Immunotherapies and Vaccines in Development for Other or Nonspecified Cancer Indications
- Table 6.1. Selected Anthrax and Other Biodefense Vaccines in Development
- Table 6.2. Selected Vaccines in Development to Protect against Campylobacter and/or Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli Infections (Traveler's Diarrhea)
- Table 6.3. Selected Vaccines in Development for Cytomegalovirus
- Table 6.4. Selected Vaccines in Development for Dengue
- Table 6.5. Selected Vaccines in Development for Encephalitis
- Table 6.6. Selected Vaccines and/or Immunotherapies in Development for Prevention or Treatment of Hepatitis B Virus Infection
- Table 6.7. Selected Vaccines and/or Immunotherapies in Development for Prevention or Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection
- Table 6.8. Selected Vaccines in Development for Herpes Simplex Virus Infection (Genital Herpes)
- Table 6.9. Selected Vaccines and/or Immunotherapies in Development for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Hiv) Infection
- Table 6.10. Selected Vaccines and/or Immunotherapies in Development for Human Papillomavirus (Hpv) for Prevention or Treatment of Cervical Dysplasia or Cancer
- Table 6.11. Selected Vaccines and/or Immunotherapies in Development for Influenza
- Table 6.12. Selected Vaccines and/or Immunotherapies in Development for Malaria
- Table 6.13. Selected Vaccines and/or Immunotherapies in Development for Meningococcal Disease (Neisseria Meningitidis)
- Table 6.14. Selected Vaccines and/or Immunotherapies in Development for Pneumococcal Disease (Streptococcus Pneumoniae)
- Table 6.15. Selected Vaccines in Development for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (Rsv)
- Table 6.16. Selected Vaccines in Development for Tuberculosis (Tb)
- Table 6.17. Selected Vaccines and/or Immunotherapies in Development for West Nile Virus (Wnv)
- Table 6.18. Selected Combination Vaccines in Development
- Table 6.19. Selected Vaccines and/or Immunotherapies in Development for Other Infectious Diseases